At the beginning Stephen Krashen talks about NCLB that means No Corporation Left Behind. he focuses that phonemical awareness and Second Language Acquisition and also National Reading Panel. Phonetical awareness is the take over and break it into its sound.There are two types of Phonemical awareness:1)Devide the words into Segmentation and 2) To put the words into together. Krashen says that phonemical awareness is not the pre-cursival reading but his claim is very difficult, not the phonemical awareness it's a very shorts to have reading anything entire phonemical awareness range is based in entirely misguided.he says that "Training is different from Education". At last he says that if we had more studies may be the research would be different.
Thursday, 13 March 2014
summary writing
What's Big IDEA!
This article, “what’s the BIG Idea” by Dee Broughton, gives us a brief information about how academic writing becomes academic discourse. She talks about academic genre. By following genres like summary, synthesis, analysis, and evaluation are used to build up valid and rational academic arguments. Ideas which are to be used that should have academic evidence to support to main idea and then they become the structures and conventions of Academic writing.
This article, “what’s the BIG Idea” by Dee Broughton, gives us a brief information about how academic writing becomes academic discourse. She talks about academic genre. By following genres like summary, synthesis, analysis, and evaluation are used to build up valid and rational academic arguments. Ideas which are to be used that should have academic evidence to support to main idea and then they become the structures and conventions of Academic writing.
Week 1 Introduction
Introduction;
Hello sir,
And
Hello friends,
I would like to introduce myself, I am Bhumika Patel , from Virpur (Gujarat). My hobby is painting and reading story books. I am a student of MA (ELT). I want to become a good lecturer. I would like to online activity and I am going to learn the course named, “critical thinking and language study” which is very important for English learner. I expect from this course that it aware me about how to use English language in any situation. This course is an important for anybody to understand English language in order to convey ideas.
Hello sir,
And
Hello friends,
I would like to introduce myself, I am Bhumika Patel , from Virpur (Gujarat). My hobby is painting and reading story books. I am a student of MA (ELT). I want to become a good lecturer. I would like to online activity and I am going to learn the course named, “critical thinking and language study” which is very important for English learner. I expect from this course that it aware me about how to use English language in any situation. This course is an important for anybody to understand English language in order to convey ideas.
Week 2 Critical Thinking for Language Studies
• Original text of Critical thinking:
"Critical thinking is the use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. It is used to describe thinking that is purposeful, reasoned and goal directed - the kind of thinking involved in solving problems, formulating inferences, calculating likelihoods, and making decisions when the thinker is using skills that are thoughtful and effective for the particular context and type of thinking task. Critical thinking also involves evaluating the thinking process - the reasoning that went into the conclusion we've arrived at the kinds of factors considered in making a decision. Critical thinking is sometimes called directed thinking because it focuses on a desired outcome."
Halpern, Diane F. Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking. 1996.
• Paraphrasing of the original text:
Critical thinking is cognitive process. It increases desirable outcome. Critical thinking describes purposeful reason. It is goal directional process. Critical thinking is a skill of solving problems, s=formulating inferences, calculating and decision making. Critical thinking is way to evaluating something new. Critical thinking is careful and deliberate determination of whether to accept, reject, or suspend judgment.
• Personal Response
Critical thinking skills: understanding the meaning of a statement, judging ambiguity, judging whether an inductive conclusion is warranted, and judging whether statements made by authorities are acceptable. Critical thinking enables us to recognize a wide range of subjective analyses of otherwise objective data, and to evaluate how well each analysis might meet our
Needs. Facts may be facts, but how we interpret them may vary.
"Critical thinking is the use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. It is used to describe thinking that is purposeful, reasoned and goal directed - the kind of thinking involved in solving problems, formulating inferences, calculating likelihoods, and making decisions when the thinker is using skills that are thoughtful and effective for the particular context and type of thinking task. Critical thinking also involves evaluating the thinking process - the reasoning that went into the conclusion we've arrived at the kinds of factors considered in making a decision. Critical thinking is sometimes called directed thinking because it focuses on a desired outcome."
Halpern, Diane F. Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking. 1996.
• Paraphrasing of the original text:
Critical thinking is cognitive process. It increases desirable outcome. Critical thinking describes purposeful reason. It is goal directional process. Critical thinking is a skill of solving problems, s=formulating inferences, calculating and decision making. Critical thinking is way to evaluating something new. Critical thinking is careful and deliberate determination of whether to accept, reject, or suspend judgment.
• Personal Response
Critical thinking skills: understanding the meaning of a statement, judging ambiguity, judging whether an inductive conclusion is warranted, and judging whether statements made by authorities are acceptable. Critical thinking enables us to recognize a wide range of subjective analyses of otherwise objective data, and to evaluate how well each analysis might meet our
Needs. Facts may be facts, but how we interpret them may vary.
Week 3 Bloom taxonomy
What is Bloom Taxonomy?
Bloom’s Taxonomy is a multi- tiered model of classifying thinking according to six cognitive levels of complexity. Throughout the years the levels have often been depicted as a stairway, leading many teachers to encourage their students to “climb to a higher thought”. The lowest three levels are: - 1) Knowledge 2) Comprehension and 3) Application
The highest three levels are: - 1) Analysis 2) Synthesis and 3) Evaluation.
The Taxonomy is hierarchical; each level is subsumed by the higher levels. In other words, a student functioning at the “application” level has also mastered the material at the “Knowledge” and “Comprehension” levels.
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy:-
During the 1990’s ,a former student of Bloom’s , Lorin Anderson , led a new assembly which met for the purpose of updating the taxonomy , hoping to add relevance for 21st century students and teachers. This time “ representatives of three groups : - Cognitive Psychologists , Curriculum Theorists and instructional researchers, and Testing and assessment Specialists “.
Why the Revised Taxonomy?
- Historical link
- Two dimensions match the structure of all objectives- subject –verb- object
- Complete “ crossing “ of rows with colums makes knowledge and cognitive processes equally important
- The use of verbs is critical since the verbs represent the cognitive processes that students use on or with What is Bloom Taxonomy?
Bloom’s Taxonomy is a multi- tiered model of classifying thinking according to six cognitive levels of complexity. Throughout the years the levels have often been depicted as a stairway, leading many teachers to encourage their students to “climb to a higher thought”. The lowest three levels are: - 1) Knowledge 2) Comprehension and 3) Application
The highest three levels are: - 1) Analysis 2) Synthesis and 3) Evaluation.
The Taxonomy is hierarchical; each level is subsumed by the higher levels. In other words, a student functioning at the “application” level has also mastered the material at the “Knowledge” and “Comprehension” levels.
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy:-
During the 1990’s ,a former student of Bloom’s , Lorin Anderson , led a new assembly which met for the purpose of updating the taxonomy , hoping to add relevance for 21st century students and teachers. This time “ representatives of three groups : - Cognitive Psychologists , Curriculum Theorists and instructional researchers, and Testing and assessment Specialists “.
Bloom’s Taxonomy is a multi- tiered model of classifying thinking according to six cognitive levels of complexity. Throughout the years the levels have often been depicted as a stairway, leading many teachers to encourage their students to “climb to a higher thought”. The lowest three levels are: - 1) Knowledge 2) Comprehension and 3) Application
The highest three levels are: - 1) Analysis 2) Synthesis and 3) Evaluation.
The Taxonomy is hierarchical; each level is subsumed by the higher levels. In other words, a student functioning at the “application” level has also mastered the material at the “Knowledge” and “Comprehension” levels.
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy:-
During the 1990’s ,a former student of Bloom’s , Lorin Anderson , led a new assembly which met for the purpose of updating the taxonomy , hoping to add relevance for 21st century students and teachers. This time “ representatives of three groups : - Cognitive Psychologists , Curriculum Theorists and instructional researchers, and Testing and assessment Specialists “.
Why the Revised Taxonomy?
- Historical link
- Two dimensions match the structure of all objectives- subject –verb- object
- Complete “ crossing “ of rows with colums makes knowledge and cognitive processes equally important
- The use of verbs is critical since the verbs represent the cognitive processes that students use on or with What is Bloom Taxonomy?
Bloom’s Taxonomy is a multi- tiered model of classifying thinking according to six cognitive levels of complexity. Throughout the years the levels have often been depicted as a stairway, leading many teachers to encourage their students to “climb to a higher thought”. The lowest three levels are: - 1) Knowledge 2) Comprehension and 3) Application
The highest three levels are: - 1) Analysis 2) Synthesis and 3) Evaluation.
The Taxonomy is hierarchical; each level is subsumed by the higher levels. In other words, a student functioning at the “application” level has also mastered the material at the “Knowledge” and “Comprehension” levels.
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy:-
During the 1990’s ,a former student of Bloom’s , Lorin Anderson , led a new assembly which met for the purpose of updating the taxonomy , hoping to add relevance for 21st century students and teachers. This time “ representatives of three groups : - Cognitive Psychologists , Curriculum Theorists and instructional researchers, and Testing and assessment Specialists “.
Week 4 What is Socratic questioning?
What is Socratic Questioning?
-> Socratic questioning is an offshot of the critical thinking
movement and is named after the teaching practice of the great philosopher, Socrates,
who lived about 24 centuries ago. Through the use of penetrating
(thought-provoking) questions, Socrates helped his pupils gain deeper insight
and understanding and develop coherent lines of reasoning on which to base
their thoughts and beliefs.
Socratic
questioning is disciplined questioning that can be used to explore
thought in many directions and for many purposes,
n
to
get to the truth of things
n
to
open up issues and problems
n
to
explore complex ideas
n
to
uncover assumptions
n
to
analyze concepts
n
to
distinguish what we know from what we don’t know, and
n
to
follow out logical implications of thought
->Socratic
questioning is – Raises basic issues
-Pursues problematic areas of thought
–
helps students to discover the structure of their own thought
– helps students
develop sensitively to clarity, accuracy, and relevance.
-helps students arrive
at judgment through their own reasoning.
– helps students note claims, evidence,
conclusions, questions , questions-at-issue, assumptions, implications,
consequences , concepts, interpretations , points of view-the elements of
thought.
Socratic
questioning helps students to think critically by focusing explicitly on the
process of thinking.
During
disciplined, carefully structured questioning, students must slow down and
examine their own
Thinking
processes (i.e., reflective thinking). Thoughtful, disciplined questioning in
the classroom can
Achieve
the following teaching and learning goals:
Model
scientific practices of inquiry
Support active, student-centered learning
Facilitate inquiry-based learning
Help
students to construct knowledge
Help
students to develop problem-solving skills
Friday, 10 January 2014
Academic Writing
Walking
Walking is the most common activity which is carried out by
all of us in our day-to-day lives. Walking is good for health. Healthy eating is important but dieting can
trigger negative neurochemicals and can
be hard to do. Walking generates
positive neurochemicals. We all know about the
term walking but have you ever heard about the precious benefits of walking.
Let us we examine and learn the various
types of walking and its benefits to
the all human beings. The different
forms of Walking are below.
*LIFE STYLE WALKING is the basic
form of Walking. The main aspect of this type of walking is that it can be
spread over the day, for instance , 20 minutes in the morning,20 minutes in the
afternoon and 20 minutes in the evening.
Benefits:
people will be able to burn about 1000-1500 calories per week, and would
be able to gradually gain the required strength and the stamina.
* FITNESS WALKING goes a step further from life style walking;
and is done to get the heart-rate up . Here, the person goes specifically for
the purpose of exercising. Morning walk is perfect example of this type of
walking. The general speed is about 4 miles/hour.
Benefits:
Elevates the heart rate , thus helping to burn extra calories and
reducing fat. Help in losing weight.
* RACE WALKING is a form of
walking where the person walks at a heightened pace (about 5-6 miles/hour).
Race walking is conducted as an event in the Olympic Games.
Benefits: It
is good cardiovascular exercise and burns about 90-100 calories in 10 minutes.
It strengthens the muscles of the arms and neck also.
* POWER-WALKING/SPEED WALKING adds power and speed to the regular walk.
Benefits: It
is a great exercise for burning fat and toning the body. It keeps the blood
pressure under control.
* SKY WALKING where the person walks using specially designed
poles, called ski poles.
Benefit: it helps in fat reduction.
* WATER WALKING ,as the name implies is carried out in water,
wearing water shoes.
Benefit;
This proves useful to people with
arthritis and Joint pains.
Why Morning walk is
important? ;- The Morning walking stretches our mind and our soul. It is
dynamic mind and body process which creates a sense of rhythm. As we observe
our silent rhythm, the pulse of life, our own heartbeat-we become whole, a
complete man-fit in mind , Body and soul.
If today is an irritating word , we deprive our self of the
much needed Oxygen that is anyway
getting depleted with the time. The earlier hours in the morning world probably
give us fresh oxygen and quality time to spend with the greenery and beauty.
The oxygen that we early in the morning also gives us great amount of energy
especially to our Joints. By constantly moving our Joints, we increase our
blood circulation in a way that can only be completed with our daily morning.
Why Evening walk is
important? :- Walking is one of the
healthiest ways to exercise. Walking in the evening can relax after long day. During this time we
are working different muscles of the body
other than our mind which helps
our body relax even though it is
exercise and we may feel tired after a long day, going for a walk will improve
our energy levels and boost our mood. An
evening walk means that our body is getting some exercise stress less, get some
exercise and digest our food properly before heading off to bed.
Walking appeals to those who do not know the merits of walking and
inspires and motivate them. It also appeals to the teenagers as well as the old
aged person.
The Above mentioned graph says that in the year 2010 only
11% people were followed to walking. The following year the walking ratio was
26%. In the year of 2012 the ratio was 27% and in the last year, 2013 the
walking ratio was 36%. This means that year by year the increases
simultaneously.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)